School physician in primary and secondary schools in Yichang of Hubei Province during 2019-2020 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand school physician in primary and secondary schools in Yichang City, Hubei Province from 2019 to 2020, and to provide a reference for strengthening the school physician team in primary and secondary schools.@*Methods@#149 and 102 primary and secondary schools from 6 municipal districts in Yichang City, Hubei Province, were randomly selected in November 2019 and November 2020, respectively, and were administered by questionnaire survey.@*Results@#The proportion of school physicians increased from 39.6% in 2019 to 65.7% in 2020. In the past two years, the equipment rate of school physician in both central and fringe urban areas increased, especially the fringe urban areas, number of school physician increased from 38 to 96. A total of 93 and 141 school physicians were selected to pariticipate in questionaire survey in 2019 and 2020 respectively. The survey showed that more than 90% of school physicians in primary and secondary schools in Yichang received training, and 74.5% had college education level. However, most of them lack professional qualification and medical background.@*Conclusion@#School physician of primary and secondary of Yichang is well development over the past two years, and the proportion substantially increased. However, there is still room for improvement in the quantity and quality of school physicians, and professional qualification needs to be improved. More attention should be paid to the marginal urban areas to achieve a balance between quantity and quality.

Analysis on genetic diversity of 51 Grape germplasm resources / Análise da diversidade genética da videira 51

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to research the genetic diversity of the ' Zuijinxiang ' grape and its mutant breeding F1 plants, we screened the excellent mutant plants with potential breeding value. 50 mutated single plants obtained from 137Cs-γ irradiated 'Zuijinxiang' grape seeds were used as research objects, and SCoT molecular marker technology was used for genetic diversity and variation analysis, and clustering research was carried out. The results showed that: (1) 36 SCoT primers produced abundant polymorphisms, and the amplification results showed obvious bright bands, and the amplification efficiency and polymorphism rate were 100%. (2) A total of 221 bands were amplified by 36 primers, of which 175 were rich in polymorphism, the average polymorphic percentage was 80.3%, and the average genetic similarity coefficient was 0.916. (3) The number of observed alleles (Na) ranged from 4 to 8, with an average of 6.1389; the number of effective alleles (Ne) ranged from 1.2772 to 5.6322 with an average of 3.5968; the desired heterozygosity (He) The range is from 0.2192 to 0.8344, the average is 0.6965; the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranges from 0.1656 to 0.7808 with an average of 0.3035; the Nei's gene diversity index (H) ranges from 0.2170 to 0.8224 with an average of 0.6863; Shannon-Wiener The index (I) ranges from 0.5186 to 1.8597 with an average of 1.4517. (4) UPGMA clustering of 51 materials showed that the test materials could be divided into three groups when the genetic distance was 0.856. The experiment shows that the genetic diversity of the 'Zuijinxiang' radiation variation germplasm resources is rich. In addition, SCoT molecular marker technology can distinguish the materials with close genetic distance, and can be used for early identification techniques of grape mutant materials. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of excellent mutant germplasm of 'Zuijinxiang' grapes.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a diversidade genética da uva 'Zuijinxiang' e de suas plantas F1 reprodutoras mutantes. Foram selecionadas as melhores plantas mutantes com potencial e valor genético. Utilizaram-se como objeto de pesquisa 50 plantas individuais mutantes obtidas de sementes de uva irradiadas com 137Cs-γ 'Zuijinxiang', e a tecnologia de marcadores moleculares SCoT para análise de diversidade genética e variação, e foi realizada uma pesquisa de agrupamento. Os resultados mostraram que: (1) 36 iniciadores de SCoT produziram polimorfismos abundantes, e os resultados de amplificação mostraram bandas claras óbvias, e a eficiência de amplificação e taxa de polimorfismo foram de 100%. (2) Um total de 221 bandas foi amplificado por 36 iniciadores, dos quais 175 eram ricos em polimorfismo, a porcentagem polimórfica média foi de 80,3% e o coeficiente médio de similaridade genética foi de 0,916. (3) O número de alelos observados (Na) variou de 4 a 8, com uma média de 6,1389; o número de alelos efetivos (Ne) variou de 1,2772 a 5,6322 com uma média de 3,5968; a heterozigosidade desejada (He), o intervalo é de 0,2192 a 0,8344, a média é de 0,6965; a heterozigosidade observada (Ho) varia de 0,1656 a 0,7808 com uma média de 0,3035; o índice de diversidade genética (H) de Nei varia de 0,2170 a 0,8224 com uma média de 0,6863; Shannon-Wiener o índice (I) varia de 0,5186 a 1,8597 com uma média de 1,4517. (4) O agrupamento de 51 materiais da UPGMA mostrou que os materiais de teste poderiam ser divididos em três grupos quando a distância genética era de 0,856. O experimento mostra que a diversidade genética dos recursos de germoplasma de variação de radiação "Zuijinxiang" é rica. Além disso, a tecnologia de marcadores moleculares da SCoT pode distinguir os materiais com uma distância genética próxima, e pode ser usada para técnicas de identificação precoce de materiais mutantes da uva. Este estudo fornece uma base teórica para o desenvolvimento de germoplasma mutante excelente de uvas "Zuijinxiang".

Natural killer cells in hepatitis B virus infection

Natural killer cells are a unique type of lymphocytes with cytotoxic capacity, and play important roles against tumors and infections. Recently, natural killer cells have been increasingly valued in their effects in hepatitis B virus infection. Since hepatitis B virus is not cytopathic, the subsequent antiviral immune responses of the host are responsible for sustaining the liver injury, which may result in cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Many studies have confirmed that natural killer cells participate in anti-hepatitis B virus responses both in the early phase after infection and in the chronic phase viacytolysis, degranulation, and cytokine secretion. However, natural killer cells play dichotomic roles: they exert antiviral and immunoregulatory functions whilst contribute to the pathogenesis of liver injury. Here, we review the roles of natural killer cells in hepatitis B virus infection, introducing novel therapeutic strategies for controlling hepatitis B virus infection viathe modulation of natural killer cells.

Familial steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: seven cases from three families in China

OBJECTIVES: Familial steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is rare, and only approximately 3% of patients have affected siblings. METHODS: Herein, we report seven cases of patients with steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome from three Chinese families. Mutational screening of the Nphs2 gene was performed in all the patients. RESULTS: All seven of the familial steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome cases in our sample exhibited minimal change disease, and one case also presented with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, according to the renal pathology. No significant was associations were found between Nphs2 gene mutations and the onset of proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome in these familial cases. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of minimal change disease is important, but it is not an unusual finding in patients with familial steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, which appears to be clinically benign and genetically distinct from other types of nephrosis. .